The organism is usually found interacellulary in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, or a specific category of white blood cells with varying shapes of nuclei, of the gonorrhea pustular exudates … Moir, in, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Infectious Disease Clinics of North America. SCOTT D. GRAY-OWEN, ... THOMAS F. MEYER, in Principles of Bacterial Pathogenesis, 2001. Evidence to support the role for denitrifying enzymes in pathogenesis of Neisseria sp. Although enzyme substrate tests are intended to be used only for the identification of Neisseria spp.

N. gonorrhoeae colonies are pinkish-brown. Such bacteria may be present in greater numbers in clinical specimens and may grow faster, producing larger colonies than the gonococcus. in vivo, however, is still unknown. All are diplococci, except N. bacilliformis, N. elongata, and N. weaveri. Bacteremia and death occurred 5–15 h postinoculation. GND, Gram-negative diplococcus; GNR, Gram-negative rod; +, most strains positive; -, most strains negative; R, strains grow well on selective medium for N. gonorrhoeae and/or show no inhibition around a colistin disk (10 micrograms); (R), most strains susceptible, some strains resistant. Many gonococci carry a plasmid (Pcr) that specifies production of a TEM-1 type of β-lactamase (penicillinase). N. cinerea strains produce colonies that resemble those of N. gonorrhoeae in size and general appearance.N. The gonococci are oxidase-producing gram-negative diplococci that cause sexually transmitted infections including urethritis and cervicitis. These denitrification enzymes are found in all five completed Neisseria genomes now sequenced. Gonococci with plasmid-mediated high-level resistance to tetracycline, with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16 mg/L or greater, carry the 24.5-mDa conjugative plasmid into which the tetM transposon has been inserted.29 The tetM determinant also confers tetracycline resistance to a variety of other bacteria, including some Streptococcus and Mycoplasma spp. Two main types of nitric oxide reductase enzymes have been identified in bacteria. Melanie J. Thomson, ... James W.B. Whether pyruvate does actually play a role in intracellular survival of Neisseria spp. Some nonpathogenic Neisseria spp. Neisseria spp. Supplemental tests which permit differentiation among gram-negative diplococci that produce no detectable acid from carbohydrates. Figure 1. N. meningitidis has fastidious growth requirements, growing best in a moist environment at 35–37°C under carbon dioxide. Denitrification has been shown in laboratory cultures to supplement growth under oxygen‐limited conditions (Rock and Moir, 2005), leading to the suggestion that such flexibility in respiratory lifestyles may add to the success of the pathogen in the human host. Gray boxes show the anaerobically inducible proteins AniA (nitrite reductase) and NorB (nitric oxide reductase). Mandell Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases 7th ed. Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC) Culture, No. is that the AniA protein can be detected by sera from patients suffering from gonococcal infection (Clark et al., 1988) and confers resistance to serum killing by the human complement system (Cardinale and Clark, 2000). Indeed, such detoxification systems have been shown to enhance the survival of N. meningitidis within human macrophages and in a nasopharyngeal mucosa organ culture model (Stevanin et al., 2005). Thus, additional tests must be performed to differentiate between these species. Other manifestations of N gonorrhoeae infection include acute epididymitis; ophthalmitis; disseminated infection with arthritis, dermatitis, and sometimes endocarditis; and transmission to the neonate with attendant conjunctivitis (ophthalmia neonatorum). This page is designed to provide information relating to the accurate identification of N. gonorrhoeae and will include not only traditional tests for the identification of this species but also discussions of rapid tests, problems associated with the tests, and the additional tests should be performed to identify a gram-negative, oxidase-positive diplococcal strain. 2002 Family VIII. Because investigations of sexual abuse may be initiated on the basis of a laboratory diagnosis of gonorrhea, only definitive/confirmed identifications of N. gonorrhoeae should be accepted by a clinician. In men, the best specimen for N gonorrhoeae culture is urethral exudate or urethral scrapings (obtained with a loop or special swab). ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780702062858001799, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123042200500133, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781455748013002149, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978143772702900129X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323401814001274, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781455707379001223, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B978012381366400002X, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0076687907370274, Molecular Medical Microbiology (Second Edition), 2015, SCOTT D. GRAY-OWEN, ... THOMAS F. MEYER, in, Jeanne M. Marrazzo, Michael A. Apicella, in, Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases (Eighth Edition), Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Fourth Edition), Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (Fifth Edition), Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases of Nonhuman Primates, Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research (Second Edition), Volume 2, Globins and Other Nitric Oxide-Reactive Proteins, Part B, Melanie J. Thomson, ... James W.B. N. cinerea produces acid from glucose but rapidly overoxidizes the acid to carbon dioxide with the result that acid does not accumulate in the reaction tube although the carbohydrate has been used. The commensal species can be distinguished from N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae by biochemical and serologic tests.
Table 3. gonorrhoeae isolated” may ONLY be made when an isolate has been identified to the species level with sufficient tests to ensure the accuracy of the identification i.e., compensating for the problems associated with rapid tests. (Courtesy of Dr. Gour Biswas, University of NorthCarolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.). Carbohydrate use reactions, production of polysaccharide from sucrose, and reduction of nitrate are commonly used for identification (Table 127.1).2–6 Difficulties in accurate identification of certain species resulted in some confusion and incorrect identifications in earlier published reports.2, S.H. This treatment also covers chlamydia. are similar in size, appearance and consistency, except for the saccharolytic Neisseria spp. 1. Whereas meningococci and gonococci require additional carbon dioxide for optimal growth and grow only at temperatures of 30°C to 37°C, the other species are less fastidious, growing without added carbon dioxide and at 22°C to 25°C.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Table 2.

The “brighter” pigmentation evident after 48 h. incubation reflects the fact that colonies of this strain had autolyzed. In N. R. Krieg (ed.). Two main types of nitric oxide reductase enzymes have been identified in bacteria.