Some of the more successful programs for women that were implemented by the Sandinistas were in the areas of education (see; Nicaraguan Literacy Campaign), health, and housing. "[59] The CIA also investigated and rejected the allegations. Daniel Ortega remained the head of the FSLN, but his brother Humberto resigned from the party and remained at the head of the Sandinista Army, becoming a close confidante and supporter of Chamorro. As a consequence of the repressive campaign of the National Guard, in 1975 a group within the FSLN's urban mobilization arm began to question the viability of the GPP. [51], The contras also carried out a systematic campaign to disrupt the social reform programs of the government. [60], The Contra war unfolded differently in the northern and southern zones of Nicaragua. Molero, Maria. In Somoza’s state, he wanted: “… uneducated people, little more than beasts of burden.”(Zwerling; 67) When assessing the democratic practices in Costa Rica, Somoza stated: “I want oxen, not men in my country.”("ibid"), Fonseca’s Sandinistas were bent on "freeing" the minds of the peasantry, through political indoctrination. Captured documents, testimonials of former rebels and Sandinistas, aerial photographs, the tracing of captured weapons back to Nicaragua, and captured vehicles from Nicaragua smuggling weapons were cited as evidence. The Anti-Somoza revolution itself figures prominently into the plot of the game as well, being described within the game's narrative as being started by the KGB agent Vladimir Zadornov in order to make Nicaragua a communist state so the Soviet Union could force the United States out of Central America entirely. This goal was not fully reached because the roots of gender inequality were not explicitly challenged. In 1961, the Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, or Sandinistas) was founded by Silvio Mayorga, Tomás Borge, and Carlos Fonseca. We want a culture that is not the culture of an elite, of a group that is considered ‘cultivated,’ but rather of an entire people.

Shelepin proposed to make appropriations from KGB funds in addition to the previous assistance $10,000 for purchase of arms. "[47], Some emergency measures were taken before 1982. Nicaraguan women were therefore directly affected by all of the positive and negative events that took place during this revolutionary period. [76] The project's short-term objective is to have each rural family capable of producing enough milk, meat, eggs, fruits, vegetables and cereals to cover its basic needs while its medium range objective is to establish local markets and export certain products. The Somoza dynasty was willing to secure the Church a prominent place in society as long as it did not attempt to subvert the authority of the regime. [42] and Milpistas, former anti-Somoza rural militias, which eventually formed the largest pool of recruits for the Contras.

Through the transformation of the Movement for a New Nicaragua (MNN) to the Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) in 1961, Carlos Fonseca and his fellow revolutionary leaders adopted the image of 1930s guerrilla fighter, Augusto César Sandino to gain popular support across Nicaragua. Upon assuming power, the FSLN's official political platform included the following: nationalization of property owned by the Somozas and their supporters; land reform; improved rural and urban working conditions; free unionization for all workers, both urban and rural; price fixing for commodities of basic necessity; improved public services, housing conditions, education; abolition of torture,[citation needed] political assassination[citation needed] and the death penalty; protection of democratic liberties; equality for women; non-aligned foreign policy; formation of a "popular army" under the leadership of the FSLN and Humberto Ortega. The New Humphrey-Hawkins Full Employment and Training Act: Robin Hood To The Rescue?

This allowed them to buy a house where they could hold meetings, workshops, and courses for women. These peasants that were taking part in guerrilla activities had to have developed a new revolutionary consciousness for them to risk their lives to attain freedom. Upon assuming office in 1981, U.S. President Ronald Reagan condemned the FSLN for joining with Cuba in supporting "Marxist" revolutionary movements in other Latin American countries such as El Salvador. The Reagan administration's support for the Contras continued to stir controversy well into the 1990s. It also performed strongly in national elections; in 1996 the Sandinistas won 37 percent of the vote in parliamentary elections, and in 2001 the party captured 42 percent of the vote and won 43 seats in the 90-seat National Assembly. Edén Pastora and many of the indigenous guerrilla forces, who were not associated with the "Somozistas", also resisted the Sandinistas. These courts operated through relaxed rules of evidence and due process and were often staffed by law students and inexperienced lawyers.

[95] There were existing papers which splintered after the revolution and produced other independent, pro-Sandinista newspapers, such as El Nuevo Diario and its literary addition Nuevo Amanecer Cultural. [1], Nicaraguan feminists were not able to find a voice through AMNLAE, who they saw as more feminine than feminist, thus many feminists cut their ties with what they see as a right-wing organization and began advocating for gender equality on their own.

Under the new "Law for the Maintenance of Order and Public Security" the "Tribunales Populares Anti-Somozistas" allowed for the indefinite holding of suspected counter-revolutionaries without trial.

[100], Measures taken by the government to lower inflation were largely defeated by natural disaster. [11] In 1984 elections were held[12] but were boycotted by some opposition parties.

Praeger Publishers. Chicago; 1985. Athough American hostility toward the Sandinista Government is singled out as the principal cause of Nicaragua's hardships, the party report also asserts that the Sandinista …

[107], Nicaragua's Permanent Commission on Human Rights reported 2,000 murders in the first six months and 3,000 disappearances in the first few years. Fonseca revived Sandino’s image by writing five texts: "Proletarian Guerrilla, Tricontinental, The Political Ideology of General Sandino, Chronology of Sandinista Resistance" and "Secret Chronicle: Augusto César Sandino Confronts His Betrayers". [2], Feminist ideology during the Sandinista Revolution, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Women and the Armed Struggle in Nicaragua, Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN), AMNLAE (Asociacion de Mujeres Nicaraguenses Luisa Amanda Espinosa), Feminist Ideology During the Sandinista Revolution, List of Nicaraguans, Revolutionaries, Heroes and Martyrs, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Role_of_women_in_Nicaraguan_Revolution&oldid=949808745, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Chinchilla, Norma Stoltz. [95] The workshops were set up in poor neighbourhoods and rural areas and advocated universal access and consumption of art in Nicaragua. The siege was carefully timed to take place after the departure of the US ambassador from the gathering. The Sandinistas nationalized Nicaragua's financial sector and major exports. The first allegation supporting the FMLN rebels in El Salvador with safehaven; training; command-and-control headquarters and advice; and weapons, ammunition, and other vital supplies. Sandinista National Liberation Front — Infobox Political Party name english = Sandinista National Liberation Front name native = Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional colorcode = #FF0000 party leader = Daniel Ortega foundation = 1961 ideology = Socialist, Marxist, Sandinism… …   Wikipedia, Cuban assistance to the Sandinista National Liberation Front — The government of Cuba assisted Nicaragua s Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) both before and after they took power in 1979[1] [2]. Fonseca stated that the only was to combat persistent problems that existed in Nicaragua could not be done through legal activities and elections. While student movements had used his name in brief struggles, Sandino’s assassination in 1934 and the censorship of his name by the Somoza regime and United States backed Guardia Nacional (Nicaragua) resulted in the meaning of his struggle being lost through the generations. These activities led critics of the Sandinistas to argue that the CDS was a system of local spy networks for the government used to stifle political dissent, and the CDS did hold limited powers—such as the ability to suspend privileges such as driver licenses and passports—if locals refused to cooperate with the new government. In 1987, due to a stalemate with the Contras, the Esquipulas II treaty was brokered by Costa Rican President Óscar Arias Sánchez. However, all of the reasons women had for adopting counter revolutionary positions stem from personal experiences rather than purely ideological reasons. Sandinista, member of Sandinista National Liberation Front, Spanish Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN), one of a Nicaraguan group that overthrew President Anastasio Somoza Debayle in 1979, ending 46 years of dictatorship by the Somoza family. The University of Léon, and the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua (UNAN) in Managua were two of the principal centers of activity. However, modern Sandinista ideology was mainly developed by Carlos Fonseca (inspired by the Cuban Revolution of 1959) who wanted a socialist populism among Nicaragua’s peasant …

This was seen as an important part of mobilizing the population for war.Fact|date=March 2008. In December 1979 special courts called "Tribunales Especiales" were established to speed up the processing of 7,000-8,000 National Guard prisoners. This was one part of Aleksandr Shelepin's 'grand strategy' of using national liberation movements as a spearhead of the Soviet Union's foreign policy in the Third World, and in 1960 the KGB organized funding and training for twelve individuals that Fonseca handpicked. Lost, as 669,443 A total valid votes equivalent to 37.75%, below that obtained by his main opponent on Arnoldo Aleman Lacayo candidate of the Liberal Alliance (AL) who won 904.908 to obtain valid votes equivalent to 51.03%. [94] The project was created to democratize culture on a national level.

One of the government's major concerns was the previous education system under the Somoza regime which did not see education as a major factor on the development of the country.