He oversaw the passage of numerous reforms that were responsible for transforming Turkey into a modern nation-state. Kemal then issued a two week ultimatum for all Greeks and Armenians to leave or face deportation to the interior.  © He is thought to have been of Albanian origin by some authors. However, western academics have widely questioned the Turkish view of Kemal's role in the late Ottoman Empire. Over time, the PLO has embraced a broader role, claiming to ...read more, The Six-Day War was a brief but bloody conflict fought in June 1967 between Israel and the Arab states of Egypt, Syria and Jordan. "10  Hitler also considered Atatürk‘s Turkish Nationalist movement as being a ‘shining star’ for him. Only a small state centered around Ankara would remain in Turkish hands.

Although he believed he was advancing the country, not all of Mustafa Kemal’s reforms were warmly received. http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article151143251, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article51116687, http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9D0DE4DE1539EF3ABC4C52DFB0668389639EDE, British Reports on Ethnic Cleansing in Anatolia 1919-1922: The Armenian-Greek Section, Nations of War Urged to Declare Turkey an Outlaw, http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/english/domestic/10484629.asp. But now that they had become his military Allies he was ready to make common cause with them so far as his patience allowed. Under his leadership, the role of Islam in public life shrank drastically, European-style law codes came into being, the office of the sultan was abolished and new language and dress requirements were mandated.

Finally, Atatürk replaced the traditional Arabic script for written Turkish with a new alphabet based on Latin. This was known as the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. Mustafa Kemal became known as Atatürk, meaning "grandfather" or "ancestor of the Turks," because of his pivotal role in founding and leading the new, independent state of Turkey. Yani Muharrem gibi Atatürk ise soyadıdır.

In 1934, he introduced surnames in Turkey, and he took the last name Ataturk, which means "Father of the Turks." He was the first President of Turkey, from 29 October, 1923 to 10 November, 1938. Ward described the deportations by saying: “The Kemalists pursued with vigor their considered and systematic campaign for the extermination of the Greek minority in Asia Minor, which was attended with the same incredible brutality as marked the Turkish massacre of 1,000,000 Armenians in the early part of the Great War.” 8, One of the final acts of the Greek Genocide was the burning of Smyrna (today İzmir) by Kemalist troops in September 1922. Mustafa Kemal's first order of business was to modernize and secularize the country, which he did by studying Western governments and adapting their structure for the people of Turkey. He issued the Amasya Circular in June of that year, warning that Turkey's independence was in peril. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (May 19, 1881–November 10, 1938) was a Turkish nationalist and military leader who founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923. While you will be able to view the content of this page in your current browser, you will not be able to get the full visual experience. Women now had equal rights to inherit property and divorce their husbands. In fact, it meant war. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was born under the name Mustafa in 1881. Biography of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Founder of the Republic of Turkey. MUSTAFA KEMAL IN THE FIRST WORLD WAR. These reforms included the emancipation of women, the abolition of all Islamic institutions and the introduction of Western legal codes, dress, calendar and alphabet, replacing the Arabic script with a Latin one. Constantine I was a Roman emperor who ruled early in the 4th century.

He was then stationed in Syria and Palestine for a few years before securing a post back in Salonica. He was born in 1881 at Thessaloniki, Greece (then part of the Ottoman Empire). var addy1310143b5b2fafcbcdbe18f53fc8532c = 'info' + '@';

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Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (May 19, 1881–November 10, 1938) was a Turkish nationalist and military leader who founded the Republic of Turkey in 1923. In 1912 and 1913, ethnic conflict broke out twice in the First and Second Balkan Wars. A new peace treaty was then signed in July 1923 that recognized an independent Turkish state. Churchill, Winston, The Aftermath, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1929, p. 444.10. He was born in 1881 at Thessaloniki, Greece (then part of the Ottoman Empire).

Of these, 44,000 were killed and almost 100,000 were wounded. When Mustafa was 7, his father died.

He made a name for himself as the commander of the 19th Division, where his bravery and strategic prowess helped thwart the Allied invasion of the Dardanelles in 1915, and received repeated promotions until the Armistice of Mudros ended the fighting in 1918. Kemal was an officer of the Turkish Army and founded the Turkish Nationalist Movement (the Kemalists) by regrouping the Ottoman Army, irregular fighters and the remnants of the CUP.

The Turks held on to the high ground at Gallipoli, keeping the Allied forces pinned to the beaches.

His father later allowed him to transfer to the Semsi Efendi School, a secular private school.

Mustafa, who became Mustafa Kemal as a teenager and then Mustafa Kemal Atatürk late in life, was born around 1881 in the city of Salonica (now Thessaloniki, Greece), which at that time was part of the Ottoman Empire. Belknap Press, 2014. Moreover, the so-called Young Turk Revolution of 1908 had stripped autocratic powers from the sultan and ushered in an era of parliamentary government. He attended the Ottoman Military School in Constantinople and graduated in 1905. Hitler expressed admiration for Atatürk and repeatedly stressed that he was Atatürk‘s student. Holocaust and Genocide Studies, Volume 12, Issue 3, Winter 1998, p. 415.8. All Rights Reserved. He then turned his attention to the Greeks, who had wreaked havoc on the Turkish population during their march to within 50 miles of Ankara. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace for his leadership role in ending the Cold War and promoting peaceful international relations. Throughout October and early November, under an armistice with the Allied Powers, Atatürk organized the withdrawal of the remaining Ottoman forces in the Middle East. He fought against Italy in the Italo-Turkish War in 1911 and from 1912-1913 he fought in the Balkan Wars. Kim oluyor da ister Cumhurbaşkanı, ister il başkanı, kimin haddine ‘Mustafa Kemal’ demek.

Fearful for his life, the last Ottoman sultan fled his palace in a British ambulance. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a Turkish army officer and revolutionary. In 1935, when surnames were introduced in Turkey, he was given the name Atatürk, meaning 'Father of the Turks'.

Dr. Kallie Szczepanski is a history teacher specializing in Asian history and culture. He then attended the Monastir Military High School and in 1899 enrolled in the Ottoman Military Academy. Anwar el-Sadat was the president of Egypt from 1970-1981 who shared the 1978 Nobel Peace Prize for establishing peace agreements with Israel. Even though Atatürk retains iconic status in Turkey today—in fact, insulting his memory is a crime—Islam has reemerged in recent years as a social and political force. Mustafa Kemal, Atatürk’ün ön adıdır. Meanwhile, under Mustafa Kemal, the forced emigration of Armenians continued. Atatürk was tasked with reorganizing the tattered Ottoman Army in April 1919 so that it could provide internal security during the transition. As a young man, Mustafa Kemal became a member of the Young Turks, a revolutionary movement of intellectuals. © 2020 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC.

Mustafa Kemal Ataturk was a revolutionary who helped establish the Republic of Turkey.

Roughly 200,000 additional Greeks and Armenians were forced to evacuate on nearby Allied warships, never to return.

The Ottomans, including Atatürk's troops, lost the First Balkan War. Atatürk was a Turkish nationalist leader and founder and first president of the republic of Turkey. As the Central Powers' defeat loomed, Atatürk returned once more to the Arabian Peninsula to supervise an orderly retreat. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us!

And a multitude of new laws established legal equality between the sexes. For example, in a speech at the European Parliament in Brussels on 13 November 2008, Dr. Ronald Münch from the University of Bremen pointed out that if Atatürk were alive today, he would have to stand trial for war crimes.12, 1. There, his mathematics teacher gave him the name Kemal — meaning "perfection"— because he excelled in academics. Following years of diplomatic friction and skirmishes between Israel and its neighbors, Israel Defense Forces launched preemptive air strikes that ...read more. Soyadını söylemeye mecbursun. He then transferred to Manastir, now known as Bitola, in the Republic of Macedonia.

When the Allied occupation forces tried to partition Turkey as per the Treaty of Sevres, the Grand National Assembly (GNA) put together an army and launched the War of Turkish Independence.

Muharrem İnce’ye bile Muharrem diyemezken Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’e ‘Mustafa Kemal demek kimin haddine. World War I was a pivotal period in Atatürk's life. His father Ali Riza Efendi may have been ethnically Albanian, though some sources state that his family was made up of nomads from the Konya region of Turkey. 1921 'GRAECO-TURKISH HOSTILITIES. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. var prefix = 'ma' + 'il' + 'to'; addy1310143b5b2fafcbcdbe18f53fc8532c = addy1310143b5b2fafcbcdbe18f53fc8532c + 'greek-genocide' + '.' + 'net'; Mustafa Kemal was quite right on that point. Page 116.11.

Through suzerainty, a nation maintains internal autonomy while another nation or region controls foreign policy and international relations. He was replaced by İsmet İnönü, prime minister during most of Atatürk’s rule, who continued his policies of secularization and westernization.

By this time, the aging empire had lost almost all of its territory in Europe and Africa. By that time, Atatürk’s government had joined the League of Nations, improved literacy rates and given women the right to vote, though in practice he essentially imposed single-party rule.