Flood forecasting in India commenced in 1958 with the establishment of a unit in Central Water Commission (CWC). Average annual physical loss due to forest fire in the country is estimated to worth Rs.440 crores.
The ground floor is generally used for parking and walls start from the first floor. Evacuating the population just 24 hours before would require an army of high speed boats, an unfeasible proposition for a resource—poor country. The NFC estimates that 40 million hectares are flood-prone of which 32 million hectares can be protected. The majority of the earthquakes occur along plate boundaries.).
A tsunami is like those ripples but caused by a disturbance much greater in magnitude. It does not have a mathematical basis but is based on observed effects. All schemes for generating basic input data for hazard and vulnerability impact analysis to be made operational. The multi-sectoral and multi-hazard prevention based approach to disaster management. Presently, 24 ATIs have dedicated faculties. The only effective communication which is likely to remain completely or partially unaffected is the satellite link.
The NOAA has developed the ‘Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis’ (DART) gauge. Arunachal Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Kerala, Mizoram, Puducherry, Punjab and Uttar Pradesh have constituted State Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs). But then gravity acts to return the sea surface to its original shape. Warnings are issued by the area cyclone warning centres located at Kolkata, Chennai and Mumbai, and cyclone warning centres at Bhubaneswar, Visakhapatnam and Ahmedabad. Severe tropical cyclones cause considerable damage to property and agricultural crops. Earthquake:.
Richter magnitude effects are confined to the vicinity of the epicentre. 526 Words3 Pages. Mitigation measures need to be considered in land use and site planning activities. Going beyond the historical focus on relief and rehabilitation after the event, we now have to look ahead and plan for disaster preparedness and mitigation, in order that the periodic shocks to our development efforts are minimized. Devastations in the aftermath of powerful earthquakes that struck Gujarat, El Salvador and Peru; floods that ravaged many countries in Africa, Asia and elsewhere; droughts that plagued Central Asia including Afghanistan, Africa and Central America; the cyclone in Madagascar and Orissa; and floods in Bolivia are global events in recent memory. Earthquakes in India are caused by the release of elastic strain energy created and replenished by the stresses from the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate. Your IP: 192.81.212.24 This consists of the following elements: (i) The cyclone warning centre for originating the area code of the districts and disaster warning message; (ii) The earth station located near the cyclone warning centre with uplink facility in C-band and suitable communication links; (iii) The C/S band transponder on board INSAT; and. For measurement of the intensity of an earthquake, the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale is used. Since number of the most vulnerable regions is in India, natural disaster management has emerged as a high priority for the country. Physical vulnerability also relates to the technical capacity of buildings and structures to resist the forces acting upon them during a hazard event. Some lower creatures are perhaps more sensitive to sound and vibrations than humans; or endowed with what one may call prescience. People have also shown that they can rebuild, lives can be remade or start over. In Himalayas, avalanches are common in Drass, Pir Panijat, Lahaul-Spiti and Badrinath areas.
The eye has an average radius of 20 to 30 km.
The National Building Code was also revised, taking into consideration the natural hazards and risks of various regions of India. Also called the Mediterranean Belt or Alpine-Himalayan Belt, it accounts for about 21 per cent of the total seismic shocks.
The depth of the focus may be one factor. In the recent past, even these areas also have experienced earthquake, of lower magnitude than the Himalayan earthquakes. The extent of damage that an earthquake can cause may depend on more than one factor. About 30 million people are affected by flood every year. Therefore, all development schemes in vulnerable areas should include a disaster mitigation analysis, where by the feasibility of a project is assessed with respect to vulnerability of the area and the mitigation measures required for sustainability. Before uploading and sharing your knowledge on this site, please read the following pages: 1. Sometimes called the ‘Ring of Fire’, its epicentre are the coastal margins of North and South America and East Asia. The remaining states with lesser known activity fall in zone II. Use of existing police VHF/UHF link can be made. A network of cyclone detection radars have been set up along the coast at Kolkata, Paradip, Visakhapatnam, Machilipatnam, Chennai, Karaikal, Kochi, Goa, Mumbai and Bhuj. Here is a compilation of essays on ‘Natural Disasters’ for class 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12.
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Some of them are earthquakes, cyclones, floods, … Giving due consideration to the severity of the problem various land reform measures have been initiated as mitigation measures.
Tsunamis have been known to occur suddenly without warning. Over the last two-and-a-half centuries, 17 of the 22 severe tropical cyclones—each causing loss of more than 10,000 human lives—took place in the North Bay of Bengal. Sometimes, a time of warning is there, but it’s often very short with catastrophic results. Different institutions including the Indian Meteorogical Department and the Indian School of Mines, have after a study of mechanics of several earthquakes in the north- eastern region found that the thrust faulting was generally indicated along with Dawki fault and the Indo-Burma border. State-of-the art technologies available worldwide need to be made available in India for upgrading of the disaster management system; at the same time, dedicated research activities should be encouraged, in all frontier areas related to disasters like biological, space applications, information technology, nuclear radiation etc., for a continuous flow of high quality basic information for sound disaster management planning. The Disaster Management Bill was subsequently adopted unanimously. Disasters may also reduce availability of new investment, further constricting the growth of the region. Again, a marine volcanic eruption can generate an impulsive force that displaces the water column and gives birth to a tsunami.
Conceptualisation of hazard scenarios and associated vulnerability and risk assessments in a given situation will necessarily have to depend on available maps, master plans and building and land use regulations, National Building Code of India, and the various Safety Standards and Codes of the Bureau of Indian Standards. The severity of a disaster is measured in lives lost, economic loss, and the ability of the population to rebuild. The other states and UTs are in the process of constituting the same. It will have pressure sensors to detect the water movement. Scientists said the earthquake could be similar to the magnitude 9.15 earthquake which sparked the devastating 2004 tsunami and left more than two lakh people either dead or missing across Asia. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake, the severity of which depends on the affected population’s resilience, or ability to recover. Some of the important steps in this regard are: 1. v. An eight battalion-strong National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) was set up comprising 144 specialised response teams on various types of disasters of which around 72 are for nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) disasters.
The Central Sector Scheme of Natural Disaster Management Programme has been implemented since 1993-94 by the Department of Agriculture and Co-operation with the objective to focus on disaster preparedness with emphasis on mitigation and preparedness measures for enhanced capability to reduce the adverse impact of disasters. North facing slope have avalanches in winter and south facing slopes during spring. Vast areas of the country do not have telephone/ telegraph links. The country receives an annual precipitation of 400 million hectare meters. The size of the tsunami waves is determined by the quantum of deformation of the sea floor. The tsunami (Dec. 2004) in South East Asia lead to a death tool of over 2.5 lakhs peoples of Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Sumatra and India. Aftershocks occur in the same general region as the main shock and are believed to be the result of minor readjustment of stress at place in the fault zones. Some tsunamis may appear as a tide but they are not tidal waves in reality. These can neither be provided in a short span of time available for mitigation nor are there resources to do so. The phenomenon that really ought to engage the minds of planners is how and why the flood-prone area in the country is increasing each year.
The Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) recognised disaster management as a development issue for the first time.